1,517 research outputs found
Self-duality and associated parallel or cocalibrated structures
We find a remarkable family of structures defined on certain
principal -bundles associated with any
given oriented Riemannian 4-manifold . Such structures are always
cocalibrated. The study starts with a recast of the Singer-Thorpe equations of
4-dimensional geometry. These are applied to the Bryant-Salamon cons\-truction
of complete -holonomy metrics on the vector bundle of self- or
anti-self-dual 2-forms on . We then discover new examples of that special
holonomy on disk bundles over and ,
respectively, the real and complex hyperbolic space. Only in the end we present
the new structures on principal bundles.Comment: 20 pages; final version, to appear in Annales Academi{\ae}
Scientiarum Fennic{\ae
Variations of gwistor space
We study natural variations of the G2 structure {\sigma}_0 \in {\Lambda}^3_+
existing on the unit tangent sphere bundle SM of any oriented Riemannian
4-manifold M. We find a circle of structures for which the induced metric is
the usual one, the so-called Sasaki metric, and prove how the original
structure has a preferred role in the theory. We deduce the equations of
calibration and cocalibration, as well as those of W3 pure type and
nearly-parallel type.Comment: 16 page
Weighted metrics on tangent sphere bundles
Natural metric structures on the tangent bundle and tangent sphere bundles
of a Riemannian manifold with radius function enclose many
important unsolved problems. Admitting metric connections on with torsion,
we deduce the equations of induced metric connections on those bundles. Then
the equations of reducibility of to the almost Hermitian category. Our
purpose is the study of the natural contact structure on and the
-twistor space of any oriented Riemannian 4-manifold.Comment: Accepted and about to appear in Quarterly Journal of Mathematics. 16
pages. This was the final draft submitted, before print proof
A fundamental differential system of Riemannian geometry
We discover a fundamental exterior differential system of Riemannian
geometry; indeed, an intrinsic and invariant global system of differential
forms of degree associated to any given oriented Riemannian manifold of
dimension . The framework is that of the tangent sphere bundle of . We
generalise to a Riemannian setting some results from the theory of
hypersurfaces in flat Euclidean space. We give new applications and examples of
the associated Euler-Lagrange differential systems.Comment: Final version, very close to the one published; 32 p
The Forward Premium Puzzle in a Model of Imperfect Information: Theory and Evidence
This paper studies the forward premium puzzle in an environment where private agents do not perfectly observe the shocks that drive monetary policy. Private agents optimally update their conditional expectations by means of the Kalman filter. The transition dynamics associated with Kalman filtering lead to fixed time-effects and conditional heteroskedasticity in the forward premium regression. I provide evidence for the presence of time-effects in the forward premium regression and find that the forward premium puzzle is significantly weakened. In particular, a 1 percent increase in the 1-month interest differential is expected to be accompanied by an additional 0.34 percent depreciation of the currency in the following month.Forward premium puzzle, imperfect information, Kalman filter, fixed time-effects
The Composition of International Capital Flows: Risk Sharing Through Foreign Direct Investment
Evidence on international capital flows suggests that foreign direct investment (FDI) is less volatile than other financial flows. To explain this finding, I model international capital flows under the assumptions of imperfect enforcement of financial contracts and inalienability of FDI. Imperfect enforcement of contracts leads to endogenous financing constraints and the pricing of default risk. Inalienability implies that it is not as advantageous to expropriate FDI relative to other flows. These features combine to give a risk sharing advantage to FDI over other capital flows. This risk sharing advantage of FDI translates into a lower default premium and lower sensitivity to changes in a country's financing constraint. The model offers the new implication that financially constrained countries should borrow relatively more through FDI. This is because FDI is harder to expropriate and not because FDI is more productive or less volatile. Using several creditworthiness and country risk ratings to measure financing constraints, I present new evidence linking FDI and financing constraints. Moreover, numerical simulations of the model generate stronger serial correlation for FDI than for other flows into developing countries. This corroborates the view that non-FDI flows are more short-term and more likely to change direction.Foreign direct investment, intangible assets, volatility, risk sharing, imperfect enforcement, financing constraints, default risk, country risk
Optimal Currency Hedging
This paper characterizes optimal currency hedging in several models of downside risk. We consider, in turn, three models of hedging: (i) a firm that chooses its hedging policy in the presence of bankruptcy costs; (ii) an all equity firm that faces a convex tax schedule; and (iii) a firm whose manager is subject to loss aversion. In all these models, and contrary to conventional wisdom, we show that forwards dominate options as hedges of downside risk.Currency hedging, forwards, options, bankruptcy costs, taxes, loss aversion, downside risk
Optimal Lending Contracts and Firm Dynamics
We develop a general model of lending in the presence of endogenous borrowing constraints. Borrowing constraints arise because borrowers face limited liability and debt repayment cannot be perfectly enforced. In the model, the dynamics of debt are closely linked with the dynamics of borrowing constraints. In fact, borrowing constraints must satisfy a dynamic consistency requirement: The value of outstanding debt restricts current access to short term capital, but is itself determined by future access to credit. This dynamic consistency is not guaranteed in models of exogenous borrowing constraints, where the ability to raise short term capital is limited by some prespecified function of debt. We characterize the optimal default-free contract -which minimizes borrowing constraints at all histories- and derive implications for firm growth, survival, and leverage. The model is qualitatively consistent with stylized facts on the growth and survival of firms. Comparative statics with respect to technology and default constraints are derived.Financial constraints, imperfect enforcement, firm dynamics, capital structure, debt maturity.
Agency Conflicts, Investment, and Asset Pricing
The separation of ownership and control allows controlling shareholders to pursue private benefits. We develop an analytically tractable dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model to study asset pricing and welfare implications of imperfect investor protection. Consistent with empirical evidence, the model predicts that countries with weaker investor protection have more incentives to overinvest, lower Tobin's q, higher return volatility, larger risk premium, and higher interest rate. Calibrating the model to the Korean economy reveals that perfecting investor protection increases the stock market's value by 22 percent, a gain for which outside shareholders are willing to pay 11 percent of their capital stock.
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